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Angiogenesis research with the TIE-2 antibody

By: Rutland Savour
Date Added : September 18, 2011 Views : 13
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The protein kinases are a super-family of enzymes which phosphorylate protein substrates to modify their function. Classified into several subgroups, the kinases play a crucial role in many cell signaling pathways, including vasculogenesis and tumor growth. We at Novus Biologicals are one of the leading antibody suppliers of protein kinase antibodies, and recently added several new pathway assay kits to our antibody catalog.

The TK (tyrosine kinase ) enzymes function by transferring ATP phosphate groups to substrate tyrosine residues. TIE-1 and TIE-2 are receptor tyrosine kinases widely expressed on endothelial cell membranes. They play a vital role in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Early TIE-1 and TIE-2 antibody studies showed both proteins were necessary for normal embryonic vascular development, although the role of TIE-1 in the adult vasculature was less clear.

TIE-1 is specifically expressed in developing vascular endothelial cells, as well as immature hematopoietic precursors, and is thought to play a role in endothelial cell differentiation, survival and integrity. Recent research by Chan et al. has shown that, in adults, TIE-1 also upregulates the cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1, in association with p38, and may play a role in inflammatory diseases of the endothelium. However, its role as an angiotensin binding partner is less clear.
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TIE-2 is expressed in both mature and progenitor endothelial cells. It has been found in the lung, placenta, brain, kidney and umbilical vein. A receptor for the four Ang growth factors, it has an interesting ligand binding mechanism, with Ang1 and Ang4 stimulating Tie-2 phosphorylation, and Ang2 and Ang3 acting antagonistically. However, there is still much controversy as to which of the TIE proteins is involved with upregulation of the angiogenesis pathway.

Our TIE-2 antibodies are widely used in ELISA, Western Blot and flow symmetry assays. Our antibody catalog also contains a convenient TIE-2 antibody kit, containing everything you need to determination human TIE-2 levels via the sandwich ELISA technique.


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